X-ray Notation - Revision history

Rzhou95 at 23:51, 10 July 2021

2021-07-10T23:51:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:51, 10 July 2021
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	X-ray notation translates the principle quantum number <math>n</math> into a capital letter, and each combination of <math>\ell</math> and <math>j</math> into a number.		X-ray notation translates the principle quantum number <math>n</math> into a capital letter, and each combination of <math>\ell</math> and <math>j</math> into a number.

	===Notation Translation===		=== Notation Translation ===
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 500px;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 500px;"
	! colspan="3" \|Quantum numbers		! colspan="3" \|Quantum numbers
Line 110:		Line 110:
	\|}		\|}

	==Siegbahn & IUPAC Notation==		=== Use in XPS and XAS ===
			Databases use X-ray notation when describing each electron’s specific binding energy. In X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), peaks can be labeled with the corresponding ejected electron’s energy level (e.g. Sample B showed a shift in platinum’s N<sub>6</sub> and N<sub>7</sub> peaks). For X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), jumps in absorption correspond to a new electron level being able to “absorb” a specific source energy. These jumps are considered edges of electron levels, and can also be labeled using X-ray notation (e.g. L<sub>2</sub> edge).

			== Siegbahn & IUPAC Notation ==
	In many X-ray spectroscopy techniques, source radiation is used to generate an electron vacancy, which must then be quenched by an electron of higher energy. This quenching releases a discrete amount of energy for each element—the notation used to describe which energy levels produced this corresponding energy release is represented using either Siegbahn or IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) notation.		In many X-ray spectroscopy techniques, source radiation is used to generate an electron vacancy, which must then be quenched by an electron of higher energy. This quenching releases a discrete amount of energy for each element—the notation used to describe which energy levels produced this corresponding energy release is represented using either Siegbahn or IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) notation.

	Siegbahn notation is extremely common for describing radiation sources—for example, the vast majority of X-ray characterization systems use a Cu ~~K<math>\alpha</math>~~ source (<math>\lambda = 1.5406\mathrm{\AA} </math>). However, note that Siegbahn notation is irregularly labeled because emission lines were named in order of discovery—for this reason, IUPAC notation may be preferred. IUPAC notation simply lists the vacancy being quenched, followed by which electron quenced it (with a dash inbetween). Siegbahn always lists the vacancy level first, but the latter Greek letter and number have an insignificant correlation between the emission line described.		Siegbahn notation is extremely common for describing radiation sources—for example, the vast majority of X-ray characterization systems use a Cu Kα source (<math>\lambda = 1.5406\mathrm{\AA} </math>). However, note that Siegbahn notation is irregularly labeled because emission lines were named in order of discovery—for this reason, IUPAC notation may be preferred. IUPAC notation simply lists the vacancy being quenched, followed by which electron quenced it (with a dash inbetween). Siegbahn always lists the vacancy level first, but the latter Greek letter and number have an insignificant correlation between the emission line described.

	===Notation of Common Emission Lines===		=== Notation of Common Emission Lines ===
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 500px;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 500px;"
	!Electron movement		!Electron movement
Line 146:		Line 149:
	\|}		\|}

	=== Notation for AES ===		=== Auger Notation for AES ===
	Since the Auger electron in AES comes from a third energy level, a separate convention is used. Auger notation lists the vacancy first, then the quenching and Auger electron, in no particular order (KL<sub>2</sub>L<sub>3</sub> and KL<sub>3</sub>L<sub>2</sub> are the same). This is because the detector cannot differentiate which electron quenches the vacancy versus the Auger (third) electron that it detects. Families of AES emissions simply list the X-ray notation letter for each electron, which corresponds to the principal quantum number (e.g. KLL or LMM).		Since the Auger electron in AES comes from a third energy level, a separate convention is used. Auger notation lists the vacancy first, then the quenching and Auger electron, in no particular order (KL<sub>2</sub>L<sub>3</sub> and KL<sub>3</sub>L<sub>2</sub> are the same). This is because the detector cannot differentiate which electron quenches the vacancy versus the Auger (third) electron that it detects. Families of AES emissions simply list the X-ray notation letter for each electron, which corresponds to the principal quantum number (e.g. KLL or LMM).

	[[Category:Theory]]		[[Category:Theory]]

Rzhou95 at 23:32, 10 July 2021

2021-07-10T23:32:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:32, 10 July 2021
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	==Siegbahn & IUPAC Notation==		==Siegbahn & IUPAC Notation==
	In many X-ray spectroscopy techniques, source radiation is used to generate an electron vacancy, which must then be quenched by an electron of higher energy. This quenching releases a discrete amount of energy for each element—the notation used to describe which energy levels produced this corresponding energy release is represented using either Siegbahn or IUPAC notation.		In many X-ray spectroscopy techniques, source radiation is used to generate an electron vacancy, which must then be quenched by an electron of higher energy. This quenching releases a discrete amount of energy for each element—the notation used to describe which energy levels produced this corresponding energy release is represented using either Siegbahn or IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) notation.

	Siegbahn notation is extremely common for describing radiation sources—for example, the vast majority of X-ray characterization systems use a Cu K<math>\alpha</math> source (<math>\lambda = 1.5406\mathrm{\AA} </math>). However, note that Siegbahn notation is irregularly labeled because emission lines were named in order of discovery—for this reason, IUPAC notation may be preferred.		Siegbahn notation is extremely common for describing radiation sources—for example, the vast majority of X-ray characterization systems use a Cu K<math>\alpha</math> source (<math>\lambda = 1.5406\mathrm{\AA} </math>). However, note that Siegbahn notation is irregularly labeled because emission lines were named in order of discovery—for this reason, IUPAC notation may be preferred. IUPAC notation simply lists the vacancy being quenched, followed by which electron quenced it (with a dash inbetween). Siegbahn always lists the vacancy level first, but the latter Greek letter and number have an insignificant correlation between the emission line described.

	===Notation of Common Emission Lines===		===Notation of Common Emission Lines===
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	\|M<sub>5</sub>-N<sub>7</sub>		\|M<sub>5</sub>-N<sub>7</sub>
	\|}		\|}

			=== Notation for AES ===
			Since the Auger electron in AES comes from a third energy level, a separate convention is used. Auger notation lists the vacancy first, then the quenching and Auger electron, in no particular order (KL<sub>2</sub>L<sub>3</sub> and KL<sub>3</sub>L<sub>2</sub> are the same). This is because the detector cannot differentiate which electron quenches the vacancy versus the Auger (third) electron that it detects. Families of AES emissions simply list the X-ray notation letter for each electron, which corresponds to the principal quantum number (e.g. KLL or LMM).

	[[Category:Theory]]		[[Category:Theory]]

Rzhou95 at 23:15, 10 July 2021

2021-07-10T23:15:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:15, 10 July 2021
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	*<math>\ell</math> : orbital angular momentum (azimuthal) quantum number		*<math>\ell</math> : orbital angular momentum (azimuthal) quantum number
	*<math>m_\ell</math> : magnetic quantum number		*<math>m_\ell</math> : magnetic quantum number
	*<math>m_s</math> : internal angular momentum (spin) quantum number, <math>m_s=\pm\~~sfrac~~{1}{2}</math>		*<math>m_s</math> : internal angular momentum (spin) quantum number, <math>m_s=\pm\frac{1}{2}</math>

	However, another quantum number is commonly used in quantum mechanics to properly account for spin-orbit coupling effects:		However, another quantum number is commonly used in quantum mechanics to properly account for spin-orbit coupling effects:

Rzhou95 at 23:14, 10 July 2021

2021-07-10T23:14:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:14, 10 July 2021
Line 7:		Line 7:
	*<math>\ell</math> : orbital angular momentum (azimuthal) quantum number		*<math>\ell</math> : orbital angular momentum (azimuthal) quantum number
	*<math>m_\ell</math> : magnetic quantum number		*<math>m_\ell</math> : magnetic quantum number
	*<math>m_s</math> : internal angular momentum (spin) quantum number, <math>m_s=\pm\~~frac~~{1}{2}</math>		*<math>m_s</math> : internal angular momentum (spin) quantum number, <math>m_s=\pm\sfrac{1}{2}</math>

	However, another quantum number is commonly used in quantum mechanics to properly account for spin-orbit coupling effects:		However, another quantum number is commonly used in quantum mechanics to properly account for spin-orbit coupling effects:

Rzhou95 at 23:14, 10 July 2021

2021-07-10T23:14:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:14, 10 July 2021
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	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	In X-ray spectroscopy and other X-ray characterization techniques, a special form of notation is used to indicate atomic orbitals and the movement of electrons between discrete energy levels when interacting with X-ray radiation. This nomenclature is known as X-ray notation, as opposed to the spectroscopic notation (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d,…) used in most areas of chemistry. Additionally, Siegbahn notation is used to indicate characteristic emission lines, most commonly during in XRF/XES and EDS.		In X-ray spectroscopy and other X-ray characterization techniques, a special form of notation is used to indicate atomic orbitals and the movement of electrons between discrete energy levels when interacting with X-ray radiation. This nomenclature is known as X-ray notation, as opposed to the spectroscopic notation (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, …) used in most areas of chemistry. Additionally, Siegbahn notation is used to indicate characteristic emission lines, most commonly during in XRF/XES and EDS.

	==About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation==		==About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation==

Rzhou95 at 23:13, 10 July 2021

2021-07-10T23:13:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:13, 10 July 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	In X-ray spectroscopy and other X-ray characterization techniques, a special form of notation is used to indicate atomic orbitals and the movement of electrons between discrete energy levels when interacting with X-ray radiation. This nomenclature is known as X-ray notation, as opposed to the spectroscopic notation (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, ~~...~~ ) used in most areas of chemistry. Additionally, Siegbahn notation is used to indicate characteristic emission lines, most commonly during in XRF/XES and EDS.		In X-ray spectroscopy and other X-ray characterization techniques, a special form of notation is used to indicate atomic orbitals and the movement of electrons between discrete energy levels when interacting with X-ray radiation. This nomenclature is known as X-ray notation, as opposed to the spectroscopic notation (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d,…) used in most areas of chemistry. Additionally, Siegbahn notation is used to indicate characteristic emission lines, most commonly during in XRF/XES and EDS.

	==About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation==		==About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation==

Rzhou95 at 23:12, 10 July 2021

2021-07-10T23:12:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:12, 10 July 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
			In X-ray spectroscopy and other X-ray characterization techniques, a special form of notation is used to indicate atomic orbitals and the movement of electrons between discrete energy levels when interacting with X-ray radiation. This nomenclature is known as X-ray notation, as opposed to the spectroscopic notation (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, ... ) used in most areas of chemistry. Additionally, Siegbahn notation is used to indicate characteristic emission lines, most commonly during in XRF/XES and EDS.
	In X-ray spectroscopy and other X-ray characterization techniques, a special form of notation is used to indicate atomic orbitals and the movement of electrons between discrete energy levels when interacting with X-ray radiation. This nomenclature is known as X-ray notation, as opposed to the spectroscopic notation (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, ... ) used in most areas of chemistry. Additionally, Siegbahn notation is used to indicate characteristic emission lines, most commonly during in ~~XPS,~~ XRF/XES, and EDS.

	==About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation==		==About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation==

Rzhou95 at 23:11, 10 July 2021

2021-07-10T23:11:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:11, 10 July 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	In X-ray spectroscopy and other X-ray characterization techniques, a special form of notation is used to indicate atomic orbitals and the movement of electrons between discrete energy levels when interacting with X-ray radiation. This nomenclature is known as X-ray notation and Siegbahn notation, as opposed to the spectroscopic notation (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, ... ) used in most areas of chemistry.

	== About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation ==		In X-ray spectroscopy and other X-ray characterization techniques, a special form of notation is used to indicate atomic orbitals and the movement of electrons between discrete energy levels when interacting with X-ray radiation. This nomenclature is known as X-ray notation, as opposed to the spectroscopic notation (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, ... ) used in most areas of chemistry. Additionally, Siegbahn notation is used to indicate characteristic emission lines, most commonly during in XPS, XRF/XES, and EDS.

			==About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation==
	Spectroscopic notation is based off an electron's quantum numbers—in chemistry, 4 quantum numbers can uniquely identify any electron.		Spectroscopic notation is based off an electron's quantum numbers—in chemistry, 4 quantum numbers can uniquely identify any electron.
	*<math>n</math> : principle quantum number, corresponds to s/p/d/f orbitals		*<math>n</math> : principle quantum number, corresponds to s/p/d/f orbitals
Line 9:		Line 10:
	*<math>m_s</math> : internal angular momentum (spin) quantum number, <math>m_s=\pm\frac{1}{2}</math>		*<math>m_s</math> : internal angular momentum (spin) quantum number, <math>m_s=\pm\frac{1}{2}</math>

	However, another quantum number is commonly used in quantum mechanics to properly account for spin-orbit coupling effects:		However, another quantum number is commonly used in quantum mechanics to properly account for spin-orbit coupling effects:
	*<math>j</math> : total angular momentum quantum number, <math>j=\ell+m_s</math>		*<math>j</math> : total angular momentum quantum number, <math>j=\ell+m_s</math>

	X-ray notation translates the principle quantum number <math>n</math> into a capital letter, and each ~~combinatation~~ of <math>\ell</math> and <math>j</math> into a number.		X-ray notation translates the principle quantum number <math>n</math> into a capital letter, and each combination of <math>\ell</math> and <math>j</math> into a number.

	=== Notation Translation ===		===Notation Translation===
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 500px;"		{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 500px;"
	! colspan="3" \|Quantum numbers		! colspan="3" \|Quantum numbers
Line 39:		Line 40:
	\|1/2		\|1/2
	\|2p<sub>1/2</sub>		\|2p<sub>1/2</sub>
	\|L<sub>2</sub>		\|
			L<sub>2</sub>
	\|-		\|-
	\|3/2		\|3/2
Line 63:		Line 65:
	\|3/2		\|3/2
	\|3d<sub>3/2</sub>		\|3d<sub>3/2</sub>
	\|M<sub>4</sub>		\| M<sub>4</sub>
	\|-		\|-
	\|5/2		\|5/2
Line 108:		Line 110:
	\|<math>\vdots</math>		\|<math>\vdots</math>
	\|}		\|}
	== Siegbahn Notation ==
			==Siegbahn & IUPAC Notation==
			In many X-ray spectroscopy techniques, source radiation is used to generate an electron vacancy, which must then be quenched by an electron of higher energy. This quenching releases a discrete amount of energy for each element—the notation used to describe which energy levels produced this corresponding energy release is represented using either Siegbahn or IUPAC notation.

			Siegbahn notation is extremely common for describing radiation sources—for example, the vast majority of X-ray characterization systems use a Cu K<math>\alpha</math> source (<math>\lambda = 1.5406\mathrm{\AA} </math>). However, note that Siegbahn notation is irregularly labeled because emission lines were named in order of discovery—for this reason, IUPAC notation may be preferred.

			===Notation of Common Emission Lines===
			{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 500px;"
			!Electron movement
			!Siegbahn notation
			!IUPAC notation
			\|-
			\|L<sub>3</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> K
			\|Kα<sub>1</sub>
			\|K-L<sub>3</sub>
			\|-
			\|L<sub>2</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> K
			\|Kα<sub>2</sub>
			\|K-L<sub>2</sub>
			\|-
			\|M<sub>3</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> K
			\|Kβ<sub>1</sub>
			\|K-M<sub>3</sub>
			\|-
			\|M<sub>5</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> L<sub>3</sub>
			\|Lα<sub>1</sub>
			\|L<sub>3</sub>-M<sub>5</sub>
			\|-
			\|M<sub>4</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> L<sub>2</sub>
			\|Lβ<sub>1</sub>
			\|L<sub>2</sub>-M<sub>4</sub>
			\|-
			\|N<sub>7</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> M<sub>5</sub>
			\|Mα<sub>1</sub>
			\|M<sub>5</sub>-N<sub>7</sub>
			\|}

	[[Category:Theory]]		[[Category:Theory]]

Rzhou95 at 22:22, 10 July 2021

2021-07-10T22:22:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:22, 10 July 2021
Line 4:		Line 4:
	== About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation ==		== About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation ==
	Spectroscopic notation is based off an electron's quantum numbers—in chemistry, 4 quantum numbers can uniquely identify any electron.		Spectroscopic notation is based off an electron's quantum numbers—in chemistry, 4 quantum numbers can uniquely identify any electron.
	*<math>n</math> : principle quantum number		*<math>n</math> : principle quantum number, corresponds to s/p/d/f orbitals
	*<math>\ell</math> : orbital angular momentum (azimuthal) quantum number		*<math>\ell</math> : orbital angular momentum (azimuthal) quantum number
	*<math>m_\ell</math> : magnetic quantum number		*<math>m_\ell</math> : magnetic quantum number
	*<math>m_s</math> : ~~spin (~~internal angular momentum) quantum number, <math>\pm\frac{1}{2}</math>		*<math>m_s</math> : internal angular momentum (spin) quantum number, <math>m_s=\pm\frac{1}{2}</math>

	However, another quantum number is commonly used in quantum mechanics:		However, another quantum number is commonly used in quantum mechanics to properly account for spin-orbit coupling effects:
	*<math>j</math> : total angular momentum quantum number, <math>j=\ell+m_s</math>		*<math>j</math> : total angular momentum quantum number, <math>j=\ell+m_s</math>

			X-ray notation translates the principle quantum number <math>n</math> into a capital letter, and each combinatation of <math>\ell</math> and <math>j</math> into a number.

	=== Notation Translation ===		=== Notation Translation ===

Rzhou95 at 22:10, 10 July 2021

2021-07-10T22:10:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:10, 10 July 2021
Line 4:		Line 4:
	== About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation ==		== About X-ray & Spectroscopic Notation ==
	Spectroscopic notation is based off an electron's quantum numbers—in chemistry, 4 quantum numbers can uniquely identify any electron.		Spectroscopic notation is based off an electron's quantum numbers—in chemistry, 4 quantum numbers can uniquely identify any electron.
	*<math>n</math>: principle quantum number		*<math>n</math> : principle quantum number
	*<math>\ell</math>: orbital angular momentum (azimuthal) quantum number		*<math>\ell</math> : orbital angular momentum (azimuthal) quantum number
	*<math>~~m_l~~</math>: magnetic quantum number		*<math>m_\ell</math> : magnetic quantum number
	*<math>m_s</math>: spin (internal angular momentum) quantum number, <math>\pm\frac{1}{2}</math>		*<math>m_s</math> : spin (internal angular momentum) quantum number, <math>\pm\frac{1}{2}</math>

	However, another quantum number is commonly used in quantum mechanics:		However, another quantum number is commonly used in quantum mechanics:
	*<math>j</math>: total angular momentum quantum number, <math>j=\ell+m_s</math>		*<math>j</math> : total angular momentum quantum number, <math>j=\ell+m_s</math>

	=== Notation Translation ===		=== Notation Translation ===